Realistic range in Indian conditions will typically be 15–25% lower than the certified figure you see on the brochure or spec sheet. Manufacturers test range under controlled temperatures (usually 25°C), at moderate speeds, with no air conditioning, on flat roads, with a standard load. Real Indian conditions vary considerably from this ideal. In peak summer heat above 40°C with the AC running continuously, range can drop 20–25%.
Stop-and-go city traffic, on the other hand, is actually kinder on range than it sounds – regenerative braking recovers energy at every slowdown. Highway driving at 80–100 km/h increases aerodynamic drag and cuts range significantly versus city speeds. As a practical rule: if a scooter is rated at 150 km, plan around 110–120 km for city use. If a car claims 400 km, expect 320–360 km in mixed conditions with AC.
Using your EV’s Eco mode, moderating speed, and keeping tyres properly inflated all help close the gap between claimed and real-world range.